This is the current list of indicators that are available for Manual and Automated Backtesting in the cleo.finance trading platform. You can use these indicators for Forex, crypto, stocks, indexes, commodities or any other asset in the backtesting software.
The guidance on what is bullish or bearish is meant to serve as an example, please do your backtesting to figure out what works for your timeframe, asset, trading strategy and goal.
If you are just starting out with backtesting check which method works for you and how to do it here.
A/D
Chaikin A/D Line
Analyses the dynamic between price and volume changes. Unlike OBV and WAD (based on the previous and current closing prices) A/D uses the closing price, comparing it to the middle of the low to high range.
Bullish: Line goes upwards and so does price
Bearish: Line goes downwards and so does price
AD Oscillator
Verifies if the asset is in accumulation or distribution. It’s comprised of the trading volume and trading range and tells if money is flowing in or out of the asset.
Bullish: Line is rising
Bearish: Line is falling
ADX
Average Directional Index
Widely used to determine trend strength. Trend strength is weak below 25, strong 25-50, very strong 50-75, extremely strong 75-100.
Bullish: Price is raising and ADX is at least 25
Bearish: Price is dropping and ADX is at least 25
APO – Absolute Price Oscillator
An oscillator displaying the difference between two EMAs, a “fast” and “slow” one, shown as an absolute value.
Bullish: APO crossing above 0
Bearish: APO crossing down 0
AroonOsc
Aroon Oscillator
An oscillator showing the difference the between AroonUp and AroonDown indicators. The span of this indicator is between -100 and +100.
Bullish: AROON is above 50
Bearish: AROON is below -50
ATR
Average True Range
A volatility indicator, measuring volatility by deconstructing the whole range of an asset price for the provided time frame. It provides an MA.
Bullish: Price has not reached the period’s ATR in presence of good news
Bearish: Price has not reached the period’s ATR in presence of bad news
CCI
Commodity Channel Index
CCI is an oscillator that compares the price to an average level to identify deviation from the mean and overbought and oversold thresholds.
Bullish: when price dips below -100
Bearish: when price is above 100
CMO
Chande Momentum Oscillator
CMO is an oscillator heavily based on RSI (Relative Strength Index) but uses price movements instead of price change. It ranges from -100 to +100. A bullish signal is generated when it crosses above the moving average, and a bearish signal is noted when it crosses below the moving average. When it reaches above +50 the security it is considered overbought, and oversold when it is under -50.
Bullish: when it dips below -50
Bearish: when it is above 50
DPO
Detrended Price Oscillator
DPO is an oscillator that is tasked with identifying past cycles, high and lows and their duration. It separates trend and price and simply measures past prices against a Simple Moving Average that is also shifted to the past.
Bullish: when DPO is below 0
Bearish: when DPO is above 0
MASS
Mass Index
MASS is a volatility indicator usually used to spot reversal patterns. Although it cannot reveal the direction of the reversal it is quite useful in finding when the reversal will start. It studies volatility, namely the difference between the high prices and low prices. It usually oscillates around 10 to 20. Determine what range it is in for the asset you’re trading.
Bullish: MASS is below 8
Bearish: MASS is above 12
MOM
Momentum
MOM is a rate of change indicator concerned with the change in the price between now and preferred numbers of periods in the past.
Bullish: MOM is crossing up 0
Bearish: MOM is crossing down 0
MFI
Money Flow Index
MFI is an oscillator that takes volume and price data into account to identify buying or selling pressure. The index increases as prices rise, unveiling buying pressure, and goes down with price decreases, unveiling selling pressure conversely. It gives an indication of the directional momentum. When it goes below 20 the market is considered oversold. When reaching more than 80 it suggests an overbought market.
Bullish: MFI is below 20
Bearish: MFI is above 80
MAX
Maximum
MAX is an indicator that finds the maximum value and when was that value achieved.
MIN
Minimum
An indicator that finds the minimum value and when was that value achieved.
NATR
Normalized Average True Range
NATR is a measure of volatility based on ATR, it is used for comparison of the Average True Range of two assets.
ROC
Rate of change
One of the most used indicators to evaluate momentum. It is a simple calculation that subtracts a value from n periods ago from the current value and then all of it is divided by the value from n periods ago. If it is positive, it means high momentum, and a buy signal, and the inverse is considered true if the ROC is negative.
Bullish: ROC is rising above 0
Bearish: ROC is falling below 0
ROCP
Rate of Change Percentage
Momentum indicator, one of the most used. A simple calculation gives the % change between now and the price n periods previously.
Bullish: ROCP is rising above 0
Bearish: ROCP is falling below 0
ROCR
Rate Of Change Ratio
ROCR is a momentum indicator. The ratio depicts how the price is changing over a period by dividing the current price by a previous price.
Bullish: ROCR is rising above 0
Bearish: ROCR is falling below 0
STD
Standard Deviation
STD is a measure of volatility, evaluates how far off are the current prices from the average. When it is low it signifies prices are stable, and when high prices are swinging. In combination with a general price trends (tops or bottoms) it is a good way to estimate decisiveness and interest.
SUM
Sum
Represents an indictor capable of tracking the sum for the given period
TRIX
1 day Rate of Change of a Triple Smooth EMA
TRIX is a triple EMA used to gauge overbought/oversold levels and momentum. A trendline break, in combination with a TRIX zero crossover is considered as a sign of reversal. When the TRIX crosses above zero it is considered a buy signal, and below zero is seen as a sell signal, and the signal line being crossed is interpreted in the same way.
Bullish: moving up and is above 0
Bearish: moving down and is below 0
WILR
Williams Percent R
Used to spot entry/exit points, this dynamic technical indicator is quite similar to the Stochastic Oscillator, but with an upside down scale and without the internal smoothing of its counterpart. Values below -20% hint at an overbought market and above -80% hint that that the market at oversold levels.
Bullish: WILR is below -80
Bearish: WILR is above -20
SMA
Simple Moving Average
As one of the simplest and most fundamental indicators, the SMA if frequently used to establish to discover trend direction, smooth price data and trigger trading signals. The simple calculation is the average price over a given period. When a short period SMA crosses a long period SMA it signifies a bullish movement.
Bullish: Price is above SMA
Bearish: Price is below SMA
KAMA
Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average
KAMA, a moving average was created based on EMA, but it is meant to take into account volatility and trend noise. It is used for smoothening of data as well as trend detection. A change in the direction of prices is spotted when there is a cross above or below KAMA. When the moving average is reaching lower lows the trend is down and the opposite is true when KAMA is reaching higher highs.
Bullish: KAMA turns up
Bearish: KAMA turns down
HMA
Hull Moving Average
HMA is a moving average that set out to be “responsive to current price activity while maintaining curve smoothness.” It is meant to reduce lag and increase line smoothing. When the HMA is increasing, the trend is intensifying, so it may be beneficial to enter long positions. If the HMA is reducing, the trend is falling, so it may be better to enter short positions.
Bullish: HMA turns up
Bearish: HMA turns down
EMA
Exponential Moving Average
EMA, a very popular indicator, is used to follow the price of a security over a set timeframe. It gives more weight to recent prices which allows for less lag than an SMA.
Bullish: when shorter period EMA crosses longer period EMA from below
Bearish: when shorter period EMA crosses longer period EMA from above
DEMA
Double Exponential Moving Average
DEMA is a moving average based on EMA (exponential moving average) evaluating the average price, but places greatest emphasis on recent price movements. The DEMA is more responsive to market changes than an MA and EMA as it reduces some of the lag.
Bullish: when shorter period DEMA crosses longer period DEMA from below
Bearish: when shorter period DEMA crosses longer period DEMA from above
TEMA
Triple Exponential Moving Average
TEMA is a moving average that combines a single EMA, a double EMA and a triple EMA, therefore smoothing price and removing volatility. This allows for an easier recognition of trends by the removal of lag. It is usually used in combination with other indicators like volume and is easier to apply in less volatile markets to discover long term and credible trends.
Bullish: TEMA is headed up and price is above it
Bearish: TEMA is headed down and price is below it
TRIMA
TRIMA is a moving average that is a twice smoothed Simple Moving Average, giving the greatest weight to the middle data for the selected period. It tends to lag more than a SMA, so it can be useful when sensitivity to small changes is not crucial, or desired.
Bullish: TRIMA is headed up and price is above it
Bearish: TRIMA is headed down and price is below it
Market Structure Indicator
Market Structure Break + Order Book indicator
This indicator is a convenient way to spot changes in market structure that signal a change to the trend. It spots higher highs and higher lows and marks them on the chart for you so you can quickly take action.
Bullish: Green MSB to the upside
Bearish: Red MSB to the downside
Quarterly Theory
An ICT concept that is time based. Each timeframe can be split to 4 quarters and every quarter serves a different purpose.
RSI
Relative Strength Indicator
RSI is a momentum oscillator, one of the most frequently used. It is measured on a scale from 0-100 usually in a period of 14 days and provides the velocity and size of directional price movements. When price makes a new high but the RSI does not follow suit is seen as bearish. Bullish divergence, which is interpreted as a buy signal, happens when the price reaches a new low, but the RSI does not. Low levels are considered below 30 (oversold) and high above 70 (overbought).
Bullish: RSI is below 30
Bearish: RSI is above 70